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Sunday, February 27, 2022

3. Trade and commerce

 

3. Trade and commerce

Trade is essentially buying and selling of items produced elsewhere. All the services in retail and wholesale trading or commerce are specifically intended for profit. The towns and cities where all these works take place are known us trading centres.

The rise of trading from barter at the local level to money-exchange of international scale has produced many centres and institutions such as trading centres or collection and distribution points.


 

 

 

 

 

 

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Ch 6) 5. Household industries or cottage manufacturing

 

Ch 6) 5. Household industries or cottage manufacturing

It is the smallest manufacturing unit. The artisans use local raw materials and simple tools to produce everyday goods in their homes with the help of their family members or part- time labour.


 

 

 

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Methods of Mining

 

18. Methods of Mining

Depending on the mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore, mining is of two types:

surface and underground mining. The surface mining also known as open-cast mining is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining minerals that occur close to the surface.

 


 

 

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Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation

 

9. Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation

Commercial grain cultivation is practised in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid- latitudes. Wheat is the principal crop, though other crops like corn, barley, oats and rye are also grown.

 


 

 

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Primitive Subsistence Agriculture

6. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture

Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and central America and south east Asia (Fig. 5.7).

Fig. 5.7: Areas of Primitive Subsistence Agriculture

The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil. Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture.

 

 

 

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Saturday, February 26, 2022

1. Human Development Growth and Development

 

1. Human Development Growth and Development

Both growth and development refer to changes over a period of time. The difference is that growth is quantitative and value neutral. It may have a positive or a negative sign. This means that the change may be either positive (showing an increase) or negative (indicating a decrease). 


 
 

 

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1. Human Development Growth and Development

 

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Wednesday, February 23, 2022

Factors influencing the distribution of population

 

Factors influencing the distribution of population
I. Geographical Factors

(i) Availability of water: Water is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily  available. W ater is used for drinking, bathing and cooking – and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated areas of the world.


 
 

 

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Tuesday, February 22, 2022

The making of the Constituent Assembly

 

1.1 The making of the Constituent Assembly

The members of the Constituent Assembly were not elected on the basis of universal franchise. In the winter of 1945-46 provincial elections were held in India. The Provincial Legislatures then chose the representatives to the Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly that came into being was dominated by one party: the Congress.

 

 

 

 

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5. How have tribes been classified in India?

5. How have tribes been classified in India?   Ans. Tribes have been classified according to their permanent and acquired traits. Classi...